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Glossary

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Against the grain Folding paper at the right angles to the grain of paper.
Bleed This is where the image extends to the edge of printed sheet, without leaving a border.
Block See 'Line block' and halftone block Also see 'Gold block'
Bust binding A form of binding similar to perfect binding.
Case Bound Books bound in stiff boards covered by fabric or other material.
CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black, the ink colours used for process colour reproduction.
Coated paper Paper with a surface coating to produce a smooth finish either matt or glossy.
Concertina fold Term used for two or more parallel paper folds witch open in a concertina fashion.
Coated paper Paper with a surface coating to produce a smooth finish either matt or glossy.
Deboss A plate sunk image.
Densitometer Photoelectric instrument witch measures the density on the photographic images, or colours. Used in colour printing and quality control to determine accurately whether colours are consistent through the run. The densitometer reads the solid colour bars to be seen on the untrimmed printing sheet.
Die cutting The process of using sharp steel rules to cut special shapes in the paper being used in the production of a project.
Digital colour proof An electronic colour proof reproduced from the electronic data.
DPI An acronym for dots per inch. The number of dots that fix horizontally and vertically into one-inch measure. Generally the more dots per inch, the more detail is captured and the sharper the image will print.
Dummy Sample of the proposed work prepared before printing to assist in assessing design and estimating production requirements, A binders dummy is made to establish the exact dimensions of the bound book or any person associated with printing.
Duotone Halftone printed using black and colour halftones, or in any two colours.
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Embossing Relief imaging to achieve a raised printed surface, (blind embossing gives an unlinked impressions on blank paper.
EPS (Encapsulated postscript), A file format that allows postscript data to be stored and edited. Is easy to transfer between Mac and Ms-Dos platforms.
Finishing Preparing printed pagers for final use such as folding, stitching, punching etc.
Flexography A process involving printing from rubber or (more recently) plastic plates.
Foil stamping Process which employs the same basic principle as letterpress printing, the link being replaced by foil, applied with heat.
Four colour process Often called 'full colour' - see process colour.
Gatefold Flap from the four -edge, with a fold running parallel to the spine of the book The finished page is marginally smaller that the normal trimmed page. A double fold, usually of card or heavy board from two outside edges of a folder. From the two outside edges of a folder. The two folded pagers meet in the centre of the page, edge to edge, rather like a double gate.
Grain In papermaking, the direction in which most fibre lie corresponding to direction that the paper travels during the papermaking process.
Grammage Weight of a standard area of paper expressed in grams per square meter, abbreviated gsm or gm2.
GSM Grams per square meter: a standard measure of the weight of paper. Also expressed as gm2.
Gutter Inner margin of a page.
Hard copy Product of a word processor at various stages in data processing or as a visual check to typesetting. Hard to copy is often used for proof reading and correction of data where the system does not incorporate a verification stage.
Hickey Spot or imperfection due to dirt on the press, hardened specs of ink etc.
Imposition Laying out of pagers so that they will be incorrect order after the printed sheet is folded.
Impression In printing the impression of type, plate or blanket as it comes in contact with the paper.
Interleaf Leaves inserted between pages of a book to stop set off.
Intranet An internal (private) network inside a company or organization that works much like the internet.
IR- Infrared
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JPEG A compressed life format for bitmap images (short for joint). Photographic experts group, the organization that created the format.
K Abbreviation for quantity of 1000
Lacquer Clear coating, usually glossy, applied to a printed sheet for protection or to enhance appearance.
Laminate Bonding clear plastic film by heat and pressure to sheet of paper to protect the print and improve its appearance.
Landscape Page or illustration winder then it is deep.
Leaf Two pages of a book, the front and back of a single piece of paper
Letterpress Printing direct from upraised type or blocks.
Make-Ready Final machine preparation for printing to ensure an even impression over the entire printing area can be significant percentage of the costs of printing, particularly for short runs of colour work.
Matt Finish Paper finished without gloss.
Matt Print Photo prints having dull finish.
Mock-Up Model of the finished book or magazine with essentials details sketched in.
Moire Screen pattern in printing caused by overlaying conflicting screen angled. Resembles the moire Patten in silk.
Mottle Spotty or uneven appearance of printing.
Offset Printing in witch the image is transferred from plate to paper by means of a rubber-covered cylinder. A general term for offset lithography.
Opaque In photoengraving and offset lithography, to print out areas on negative or positive film not wanted on the plate.
Overprinting Double printing, printing over an area already printed.
Overs Copies of print matter in excess of the quantity required.
Pagination Paging of a book and numbering of the pagers. Trade name for an electronic system used in colour scanning.
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Raster Image processor- (RIP) The hardware and / or software that is translated data from post script and other high level languages into dots or pixels in printer or image- setter.
Register Accurate superimposition of colours in multicolour printing: exact alignment of pages so that they back one another precisely.
Register Marks Crosses or other marks on original to act as a guide for plate making, printing and colour registration, sometimes known as keys.
Resolution In monitors resolution is a commonly measured by the number of pixels that can be displayed in a specific area. In printers, resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi). In either case, more pixels or dots mean a finer graphics image.
Saddle-Stitching Securing pages by wire staples through the centre fold. In saddle-stitched work the printed sections are inserted one inside the other.
Scoring Furrowing a sheet, particularly if it's heavy stock, so that it will fold without cracking.
Self Cover Cover printed on the same stock as a book.
Set Off In presswork, when the ink of a print sheet rubs off or marks the next sheet it is being delivered. Also called offset.
Show-Trough When print on one side of a sheet of paper can be easily seen from the other side.
Slitting Cutting printed sheets or webs into two or more sections by means of cutting wheels on a press folder.
Spiral binding Book bound with wires in a spiral from inserted through holes punched along the binding side.
Stock Paper or other material to be printed.
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Text Body matter of a page or book, as distinguished from headings.
Register Marks Crosses or other marks on original to act as a guide for plate making, printing and colour registration, sometimes known as keys.
Trapping of inks Proper trapping is the condition when the same amount of ink transfers to previously printed ink as black paper.
Trim marks Marks placed on copy to indicate the edge of the page from trimming.
UV Ultraviolet rays used as an ink vehicle drying method.
Varnish Thin protective coating applied to a printed sheet for protection or appearance. In ink making it can be or part of the ink vehicle.
Vignette Illustration in witch the tone fades gradually away until it blends into the unprinted paper.
Visuals Rough sketches, prepared by designer in deciding the layout of the printed matter.
Wire-O binding Continuous double series of wire loops run through punched slots along the binding side of the booklet.
Wire Side The side of a sheet next to the wire in papermaking; opposite from the felt side.
Work-and-Tumble To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn the sheet over from the gripper to the back used for printing both sides.
Work-and-Turn To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn the sheet over from left to right and print the second side. The same gripper is used for printing both sides.
Work-and-twist Method of impositions in which the second printing is taken from the same form and on the sane side of the paper as the first, the paper being twisted between printings.
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